Amathematical model based on the Cahn-Hilliard non-linear theory of PHASE SEPARATION has been developed. The model equation has been solved using a discrete cosine transform spectrum method to provide dynamic spatial concentration field of a polymer blend and predicting the morphology evolution during the course of a temperature-induced PHASE SEPARATION process. The model shows an accurate qualitative agreement with experimental observation using parameters of the polystyrene/polyvinylmethylether blend and different initial concentrations of the blend have been tested in relation to the microstructure, transient and later stages of blend morphologies. It has been observed that kinetics and morphology of the PHASE separated blend are affected by the initial concentration of the blend. In this study, different types of microstructures, e.g., droplet-like and rod-like morphologies have been identified. It is concluded that the initial concentration of each component of the blend and temperature are the most important variables which control the kinetics of PHASE SEPARATION and blend morphology. The mathematical model provides a suitable tool for better understanding of the kinetics and PHASE SEPARATION process as well as the microstructure of the polymer blends. The discrete cosine transform method for solving a high non-linear partial differential equation is considered as a suitable numerical approach where the other conventional mathematical numerical methods such as finite element and finite volume methods require many computational facilities.The model is very useful for studies of the early and later stages of PHASE SEPARATION process and provides information on concentration profile of the separated PHASEs which would be useful in the determination of the interfacial properties.

Aqueous two-PHASE system is a well-known technique for SEPARATION of bio-molecules such as proteins and enzymes. Proline as an Amino acid has a lot of applications in different industries. In this research, proline partition coefficient in aqueous two-PHASE system of polymer-salt has been investigated. The system consists of polyethylene glycol as a polymer with different molecular weights and a biodegradable salt that is suitable for the environment, Dpotassium tartrate. PHASE diagram (binodal curve) and tie lines were experimentally determined with different percentage of weight composition of polymer, salt and water from initial feed. Analysis of surface of two-PHASE area in binodal curve and tie line length were done. The best polymer and salt stock solution were suggested for PHASE diagram, and in that case increasing PEG molecular weight increases surface of two-PHASE area. Effect of PEG molecular weight, tie line length, polymer and salt concentration on proline partition coefficient has been investigated.

The technique for the SEPARATION of itaconic acid from fermented broth has a substantial impact on overall manufacturing costs. To make biorefineries sustainable and profitable, optimization and highly efficient downstream processes are technological hurdles. Itaconic acid has previously been separated using processes like crystallization, extraction, electrodialysis, diafiltration, precipitation, adsorption, and pertraction. Crystallization is a common way to separate itaconic acid from fermented broth, but other methods, viz., reactive extraction and membrane SEPARATION, show promise as recovery processes that could be used with fermentation to increase the yield of the process. In this study, the distribution coefficients were obtained from 1.89-4.05 with extraction efficiencies of 65.35-80.20% at 10–50 vol% of tri-n-butyl phosphate with iso-octanol. The maximum SEPARATION of itaconic acid was observed with 50% tri-n-butyl phosphate at 0.051 mol.L-1 of itaconic acid. The loading ratio was less than 0.5, showing that the complex was formed 1:1 (acid: extractant) in the organic PHASE. The results indicate that iso-octanol with tri-n-butyl phosphate could be further used as a solvent to the SEPARATION of itaconic acid.

A rapid, sensitive and reproducible HPLC method has been developed for enantioSEPARATION of six non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are acidic compounds: carprofen, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indoprofen and ketoprofen. The effects of the mobile PHASE composition on retention times and resolutions of the analytes were studied. A column based on vancomycin immobilized by reductive amination to aldehyde functionalised silica was prepared in house and used. The prepared sorbent shows a great stability and selectivity over a range of pH (4-6), and the SEPARATION was carried out using the mobile PHASE composed of a mixture of 40 % of methanol in ammonium nitrate buffer (50 mM) at pH 5.0. Another mobile PHASE consisted of 50 % of methanol in phosphate buffer (5 mM) at pH 5.0 was also prepared and tested. The two mobile PHASEs are the optimum conditions obtained. All experiments were conducted at flow rate 0.6 ml/min, using a UV detector wavelength at l=254 nm.